You know me well enough to know that I can't sit by and watch pop music history "reconstructed," to use a word grossly abused by our Illiterate-in-Chief and his VP, a draft-dodger who questions the patriotism of all who disagree with him. Cheney sure knows a lot about love for country, and how it stops short of laying one's butt on the line for same. I used to think that people like Cheney could never possibly get very far in public life, and I must have been one naive idiot when I thought that.
However, the subject is power chords. Wikipedia says the term started with rock musicians. Oh, yeah, sure. And every piece on Link Wray, save for mine, insists that the Wrayman invented the things. Yeah, sure, Part Two.
Reality check: the term "power chord" was in use as far back the 1940s and, possibly, earlier. Repeat: the 1940s. How do I know?
As a student at Bowling Green State University, I worked for the Popular Sound Recording Archives (at the time, and possibly still, the largest such collection in the country). We had received boxes and boxes of poorly-packed (read: smashed) 78s from another institution (I love that term), plus a few boxes of sheet music and song folios. A jazz-guitar folio from the 1940s included a section devoted to (you guessed it) power chords.
I only had time to skim the thing. I recall that it addressed voice-leading issues connected with electronic amplification. I was soooo tempted to swipe the book, because I figured it would simply get filed away with no one ever using, or even seeing, the thing. But that's not me. I don't take things that aren't mine. I'd never last two minutes in the Bush White House.
I sensed it was a significant document. Score one for Lee.
Which brings us to something I'm very annoyed at: very little of the study of popular music seems to involve the examination of sheet music. Of course, 99 percent of rock critics have no idea that music is even written down. Granted. But think of how much more we would know if we studied music folios and other examples of written-down music. Imagine an archives devoted to music-instruction books. My God, what a resource that would be. Probably, such collections exist, but I doubt they have much influence, if any, on pop music studies. Just a hunch.
So, I know three things for sure: the concept of power chords existed at least as early as the 1940s. It seems to have been connected with jazz. (No big surprise, there.) And it involved, as it does today, issues of voice-leading, a.k.a. voicing. As those issues related to guitar amplification.
We also know that amplification allowed the guitar, in a group setting, to hold its own as an instrument. This meant that the guitar was, potentially, freed from a rhythm-section role or at least given the chance to augment same. "Power chord" might very well have referred to a chord voiced for maximum effect in terms of cutting through the ensemble sound. That's my theory, at this point. And I'm betting that I'm close to the historical truth.
The modern definition of p. chords--two-note chords consisting of thirdless triads, i.e. perfect fifths or the inversion of same (perfect fourths)--is just that: the
modern definition. It's highly, highly doubtful that power chords originated as perfect-fifth chords.
And, of course, by "two-note," I mean two different notes. Rock-style power chords can contain three or four notes if one or both of the two unique pitches are doubled. But there are only two
different notes. Which brings us to the interesting fact, already mentioned on this blog, that Link Wray's
Rumble contains three- as well as two-note chords. Gosh, I wonder if Wray was following an earlier tradition?
Yes, of course he was. I've demonstrated as much in earlier posts. And, really, to hear one of the all-time best p.c. examples, simply check out 1951's
How High the Moon, a Top Ten hit recorded by Les Paul and Mary Ford. No one seems to mention this track in regard to power chords. Yet it's not as if Paul, or his influence on rock and roll, is some well-kept secret.
Voicing/voice-leading, by the way, refers of course not only to the arrangement of notes but also the choice thereof. In jazz, where extended chords, chromatic substitution, and the like are common practices, voice-leading is a major issue. When amplification was introduced to jazz guitar, it would have become even more of one.
Jazz (read: big band) is where power chords likely first emerged. To me, this is simple common sense. Or,
power common sense.
Lee